Why is wetland vegetation important in coastal areas?

• A. They promote flooding
• B. They filter pollutants
• C. They increase salinity
• D. They prevent erosion

Answer: (B)

Wetland vegetation plays a critical role in coastal ecosystems primarily because they filter pollutants. This filtering process enhances water quality by trapping sediments, absorbing excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, and breaking down harmful substances, which helps protect marine and aquatic life. The roots of wetland plants stabilize the soil and provide a habitat for numerous species, contributing to biodiversity.

While wetland plants can help reduce erosion due to their root systems anchoring the soil in place, the essential characteristic of their pollutant filtering capability directly addresses the importance of these ecosystems in maintaining healthy coastal environments. This filtration function is vital in managing water quality and supporting the ecological balance within these regions.